Н.М. Иванова

The article explores the moral and philosophical foundation of the market. The market is considered as a model of society, therefore, and as a model ofpublic morality. Ones consider that the market and morality are antagonists. Others think traders are necessary for society, and their attitude towards morality isn’t antagonistic because professionally, the market is not contrary to morality; and the market and public morality support and enhance each other. These two approaches to the market show, the problems of business ethics are so important in modern society. The market, at the same, is an organic for democracy, institute of reproduction in society of social initiatives, providing social dynamics as such. That’s why, the market is not so much an economic category or even political as philosophical. And so democracy is not only a form of the political power, it is not just political institute, but it is the condition of the social initiatives that provide social dynamics, acquires philosophical or rather social and philosophical meaning.

In this article the main ideas of J.M. Keynes that relate to philosophy, logic and economy are investigated. Various approaches to concept of probability, rationality, uncertainty are refl ected in his main works. Huge infl uence on the economic theory of philosophical categories in the fi eld of probability and logic is shown, and in what degree they can be considered as the philosophical basis of the economic theory.